Al lemurs,the key resource they give might be daytime sleeping websites. Most species within the Cheirogaleidae and Lepilemuridae devote the day in nests or tree holes (Mittermeier et alwhich provide shelter from Lithospermic acid B predation and assist the maintenance of energysaving torpor (Dausmann et al. ; Ganzhorn and Schmid. Respondents within this study reported numerous species in these households as sleeping inside tree holes,below loose bark,and in hollow branches,normally from locations lacking alternative sleeping sites,e.g adjacent to deforested terrestrial landscapes. Even so,there is some indirect evidence that no lemurs widely use such mangrove refugia. The Madagascar teal (Anas bernieri) can be a mangrove specialist duck that breeds only in tree holes in mature Avicennia marina (Young ; Young et al Appropriate nest web pages are rare for the reason that Madagascar lacks holeexcavating animals for instance woodpeckers; hence it has been hypothesized that the teal wouldn’t have been in a position to evolve its breeding habits if it had to compete for tree holes with lemurs (G. Young pers. comm.). A great deal additional investigation is needed to understand superior the part of mangroves within the upkeep of lemur populations. That is particularly vital to get a quantity ofUse of Mangroves by Lemursmangroveusing species in northwest Madagascar,for example Microcebus mamiratra,M. danfossi,Mirza zaza,and Lepilemur grewcockorum,that are classed as Endangered or Critically Endangered around the basis of their small range and declining region of occupancy (AOO). However,even if mangroves are demonstrated to provide critical habitat for these species they might not be additional safe than terrestrial forests,as mangrove deforestation rates might match or even exceed these of terrestrial forests in some components on the area (Jones et al. 1 PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26323039 et alConclusionsThe mixedmethods method I adopted for this critique permitted the collection of several published and unpublished observations that collectively have greatly expanded our knowledge of mangrove use by lemurs. We now realize that greater than half of all lemurs with distributions encompassing mangrove areas are capable to use them facultatively in some situations,and may do so to get a variety of factors. On the other hand,observations are practically totally anecdotal so our understanding on the role of mangroves inside the upkeep of lemur populations remains extremely restricted. Improving our information will call for systematic surveys of your country’s remaining mangroves to know better which species happen in them and exactly where,as well as comparative focal studies of lemur populations in mangroves and adjacent terrestrial habitats to know improved the ecological role of mangroves within the maintenance of populations. Provided the troubles of surveying mangroves,camera trap and video technologies may well present valuable tools in this regard. Ninetyfour % of all lemur species are threatened with extinction,mostly as a result of ongoing habitat loss (Schwitzer et aland conservation efforts are focused overwhelmingly on Madagascar’s terrestrial forests on which the vast majority on the country’s lemurs rely. This critique suggests that mangroves may well present critical refuges and other sources for some species,and thus that Madagascar’s mangroves merit increased consideration in the country’s primatologists and lemur conservationists.Acknowledgments This investigation was carried out inside the framework of a mangrove conservation project funded by the International Atmosphere Facility. I thank a large variety of survey resp.