Ng a photograph of the Beatles): They’re not the Rolling Stones … no, I did not assume they were simply because I thought there was 5 … Rolling Stones.” Further study thus seems warranted to determine no matter if H.M. encodes and retrieves numbers but not frequent nouns comparatively far more typically than memory-normal controls: By way of example,Brain Sci. 2013,with numbers but not frequent nouns as a spared encoding category, H.M. ought to recall proportionally a lot more unrelated numbers than nouns relative to age-matched controls inside the immediate recall tasks of Drachman and Arbit [81]. 7.2.two. Why Are Some Encoding Categories Selectively Spared 7.two.two.1. The Ease-of-Encoding Hypothesis The hypothesis that H.M. can successfully encode and recall right names simply because this category is inherently easy to encode and retrieve is often rejected since in depth proof indicates that appropriate names are far more (as an alternative to significantly less) challenging to encode and retrieve than other sorts of details about people for instance their (common noun) occupation (see e.g., [824]). 7.2.two.2. The Lesion-Specificity Hypothesis Below the lesion-specificity hypothesis, H.M.’s hippocampal region damage (a) spared his category-specific mechanisms for encoding right names, but (b) impaired functionally equivalent mechanisms for referring to folks through NPs (that conjoin widespread nouns with determiners and also other modifiers), and pronouns (that conjoin with antecedents within a sentence or with referents in a image). 7.2.three. Does H.M.’s Episodic Memory Exhibit Related Sparing Like his ability to encode appropriate name gender, quantity and person, H.M.’s potential to encode the (novel) time and place of certain topics of conversation may be spared, a point illustrated in (50), the fourth segment in the Marslen-Wilson [5] excerpt discussed in Section 1.1, segments (1). (50). M-W.: Uh-huh … suitable … um … How are you feeling … tired H.M.: Well … I’m just wondering myself … now … effectively … after you fellows are taking this all down certainly on tape … but I am asking yourself just how it will be… M-W.: How do you imply, “how it is going to be” H.M.: Nicely … just how I’ve spoken, how I sound, and what my 125B11 supplier answers are … and … uh …a a massive query mark ideal there… M-W.: Your answers are extremely valuable, extremely beneficial indeed. H.M.: They are … I hope so… M-W.: But are you currently starting to feel tired probably… H.M.: Um M-W.: Are you currently … are you at all tired We’ve asked you a lot of queries. H.M.: No, I am not tired. M-W.: Do you realize what the time is H.M.: Nicely, by this it says … twenty minutes of 4 (pointing at a clock). PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338362 M-W.: Ah … well, what have you…what have we been asking you concerns about H.M.: Properly about … the war, Chiang Kai Shek … the war … China… M-W.: Prior to that H.M.: And Indochina … and … about us… uh … assisting out …Brain Sci. 2013,Note that H.M. recalled five prior subjects in (50), one of which (“Indochina”) occurred more than one hundred s earlier (see (1.1)). Note also that this subject (a) concerned post-lesion events (the Vietnam war), (b) was not previously mentioned in his conversations with Marslen-Wilson [5], and (c) couldn’t have been rehearsed through the 26 conversational turns and over 200 words of unrelated intervening discussion in (1) and (50) about what time it was, the tape recorded session, Chiang Kai Shek, China, how H.M. was now feeling, what he meant by the expression “how it’ll be”, whether or not he was “at all tired”, and how he was helping science by participating.