Bacteria [110]. Enzymes present in soil diazotrophicof saline and sodic soil fertility, and microbialEnzymes present in correctly an indicator microbes and heterotrophic bacteria [110]. amendments of soil soil could also functionfertility on the soil [111]. and sodic soil fertility, and microbial amendments increase the as an indicator of saline of soil proficiently improve the fertility of the soil [111]. 6. Effects of Irrigation-Induced Salinity and Sodicity on Glutarylcarnitine lithium groundwater 6. Effects of Irrigation-Induced Salinity and Sodicity on Groundwater concentration of Salinity and sodicity in irrigated Hypothemycin Technical Information places may very well be triggered by a greater salts Salinity and sodicity in irrigated areas could be brought on by a surface concentration of and sodium either in soil or irrigation water (either from a higher or groundwater salts andIrrigation-induced soil or irrigation water (either from a surfacethe groundwater source). sodium either in salinity and sodicity can adversely impact both or chemical and supply). Irrigation-inducedgroundwater system by means of many affect both the chemical the physical properties of a salinity and sodicity can adversely and typically interconnected and the physical properties of a groundwater groundwater contamination [6]. pathways (Figure two) that can bring about long-term technique via various and frequently interconnected pathways (Figure 2) that will lead to long-term groundwater contamination [6].Agriculture 2021, 11,7 ofAgriculture 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW7 ofFigure two. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity hazards on groundwater. Figure 2. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity hazards on groundwater.When the saline- and sodic-irrigated water infiltrates and reaches the groundwater When the saline- and sodic-irrigated water infiltrates and reaches the groundwater table, it very first increases the water’s pH and, as time passes, contaminates the aquifer. The table, it very first increases the water’s pH and, with time, contaminates the aquifer. The groundwater salinity could further impact the water top quality regionally, connected aquifers groundwater salinity could further have an effect on the water quality regionally, asas connected aquican result in regional impacts [112]. The extent and severity on the contamination, even so, fers can result in regional impacts [112]. The extent and severity in the contamination, could differ together with the with all the kind of salt, concentration, and climate geography. Alternahowever, could vary kind of salt, concentration, and climate geography. Alternatively, the use of saline/sodic groundwater for irrigation could impact the influence altering its physiotively, the use of saline/sodic groundwater for irrigation could soil bythe soil by altering chemical properties properties and structure the presence the presence of salinity in its physio-chemical and structure [113]. Hence, [113]. Therefore,of salinity or sodicity eitheror soil or groundwater or groundwater each contaminate each other although, at the exact same sodicity either in soilcould contaminatecould other while, in the same time, could have an equally damaging effect on crop growth [114,115]. time, could have an equally negative influence on crop growth [114,115]. In semi-arid regions, developments pumping technologies have exponentially inIn semi-arid regions, developments in in pumping technologies have exponentially increased groundwater-based irrigation, which has subsequently decreased the salinity creased groundwater-based irrigation, which has subsequent.