MOG: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; MS: Many sclerosis; NIH: National Institutes of Health; PA: Plasminogen activator; PAI1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor protein; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; TNF: Tumor necrosis element; tPA: Tissue plasminogen activator; uPA: urokinase plasminogen activator; uPAR: urokinase plasminogen activator receptor; WT: Wild-type. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interest. Authors’ contributions TM, FYMP and DGW performed the animal and cell culture research. AL and NG performed the pathological research, the tissue staining and evaluation. TB and AAH had been involved in study design. TB and DGW have been involved in writing the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements We thank Mrs Camille Sicsic for her skillful help. The study was funded by a FightMG grant in the European neighborhood, and by the Israeli Ministry of Overall health Chief Scientist Fund. Author particulars 1 Department of Neurology, Hadassah Health-related Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. 2Department of Neurology, Aristotle University Hospital, 1stilpe Kyriakidi str,, Thessaloniki GR 54636, Greece. 3Department of Biochemistry, Hadassah Healthcare Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. Received: ten April 2013 Accepted: 24 September 2013 Published: 11 OctoberReferences 1. Werb Z: ECM and cell surface proteolysis: regulating cellular ecology. Cell 1997, 91:43942. two. Matrisian LM: Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in matrix remodeling. Trends Genet 1990, six:12125.Isotretinoin 3. Birkedal-Hansen H: Proteolytic remodeling of extracellular matrix.Rabeprazole sodium Curr Opin Cell Biol 1995, 7:72835.PMID:24211511 4. Lo EH, Wang X, Cuzner ML: Extracellular proteolysis in brain injury and inflammation: function for plasminogen activators and matrix metalloproteinases. J Neurosci Res 2002, 69:1. five. Irigoyen JP, Munoz-Canoves P, Montero L, Koziczak M, Nagamine Y: The plasminogen activator technique: biology and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 1999, 56:10432. 6. Akassoglou K, Kombrinck KW, Degen JL, Strickland S: Tissue plasminogen activator-mediated fibrinolysis protects against axonal degeneration and demyelination following sciatic nerve injury. J Cell Biol 2000, 149:1157166. 7. Gveric D, Herrera B, Petzold A, Lawrence DA, Cuzner ML: Impaired fibrinolysis in a number of sclerosis: a role for tissue plasminogen activator inhibitors. Brain 2003, 126:1590598. eight. Hohlfeld R, Wekerle H: Autoimmune ideas of various sclerosis as a basis for selective immunotherapy: from pipe dreams to (therapeutic) pipelines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101(Suppl two):145994606. 9. East E, Baker D, Pryce G, Lijnen HR, Cuzner ML, Gveric D: A part for the plasminogen activator program in inflammation and neurodegeneration inside the central nervous program during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Am J Pathol 2005, 167:54554. ten. Gveric D, Hanemaaijer R, Newcombe J, van Lent NA, Sier CF, Cuzner ML: Plasminogen activators in various sclerosis lesions: implications for the inflammatory response and axonal damage. Brain 2001, 124:1978988. 11. Washington RA, Becher B, Balabanov R, Antel J, Dore-Duffy P: Expression of the activation marker urokinase plasminogen-activator receptor in cultured human central nervous system microglia. J Neurosci Res 1996, 45:39299. 12. Teesalu T, Hinkkanen AE, Vaheri A: Coordinated induction of extracellular proteolysis systems throughout experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Am J Patho.